Bootstrap 4

Bootstrap provides CSS classes to style your webpages on the go. This saves a lot of time building web page. Before start  we need to  either download the bootstrap and include them in project or refer to bootstrap CDN.

Copy and paste following, that links to bootstrap.min.css beta version 4.2 (latest version as of 5 Jan 2019)

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-beta.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">

Also copy and paste following javaScript

<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js"></script>

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.3/umd/popper.min.js" ></script>

<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-beta.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

Template


The template showing where to place the link to bootstrap CSS and javascripts.

<!doctype html>

<html lang="en">

  <head>

    <title>Hello, world!</title>

    <!-- Required meta tags -->

    <meta charset="utf-8">

    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">



    <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-beta.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">

  </head>

  <body>

    <h1>Hello, world!</h1>



    <!-- Optional JavaScript -->

    <!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->

    <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js"></script>

    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.3/umd/popper.min.js" ></script>

    <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-beta.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

  </body>

</html>

the view port meta tag is important to properly scale the page content in different device sizes according to the width of the device.

Example


<!doctype html>

<html lang="en">

  <head>

    <title>Hello, world!</title>

    <!-- Required meta tags -->

    <meta charset="utf-8">

    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">



    <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-beta.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">

  </head>

  <body>

    <div class = "container">

       <div class = "jumbotron">

         <h1 class = "display-1"> My First Jumbotron </h1>

         <p class = "lead">bootstrap is cool</p>

         <button class = "btn btn-primary">view more</button>

       </div> <!-- jumbotron close tag-->

    </div> <!-- container close tag -->

    <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js"></script>

    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.3/umd/popper.min.js" ></script>

    <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-beta.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

  </body>

</html>

The output



This example has .container  class that aligns the contents and white spaces at both sides. In the container element we have the jumbo tron, a larger display area. It uses the .jumbotron bootstrap class. In that jumbo tron we have heading, paragraph and button

The heading uses .display-1 class, which further styles the heading with bigger text and lighter font wight. There are four levels .display-* classes in bootstrap, where * is number with value 1 to 4 and 1 being the biggest font size.

The paragraph uses .lead class that alters the text style. This class is used to make the text written in the paragraph out stand.

The button element is styled using the .btn class and .btn-primary gives the color to the button, this including the button press and hover actions.

Conclusion


As you can see, most of the hard work of writing CSS is already done by Bootstrap. Just by using the available classes we can create nice looking websites, and if needed we can customize this classes with our own styles.

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